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Ƭ�ࣺ
Itwasthis,inpart,that
madesomepeoplesaythatEnglishsocietywasfilledwithsuffo-
catinghypocrisy.AfoerigndiplomatsaidthathelivedinLondon
for15consecutiveyearsbuthefailedtolearnhowtobehavelike
anEnglishman.Thisisanexampleofculturaldifference,not
justthewayofdoingthings.Buttheyounggenerationwhode-
mandsmoreopennessislessboundbythetraditionalvalues.
Theytendtoshowtheirfeelingsmorefreely.
Englishpeoplearecarefulwiththeirmanners.Well-bred
personsmustbeappropriatelydressedfordinnerandinterviews.
Theyaresupposedtokeepquietandtakegoodcareofthetable
ware.Politetable-talkisnecessary,butloudvoicesandwild
laughsareconsideredasill-breeding.AccordingtotheEnglish
rule,peopleshouldputtheirforksandspoonsinplacebefore
leavingthetable.Theydon'tshakehandsoften,buttheysay
"Thankyouverymuch"insteadof"Manythanks".
ProblemsConfrontingTraditionalValues
Therulingpositionoftraditionalvaluesmetwithchallenge
aftertheSecondWorldWar.InfluencedbyAmericanrock'n'
roll,theEnglishBeatlesbegantogivetheirperformanceinpublic
placesintheearly1960s.LessreservedthantheirparentS,the
Beatlesfoundaventfortheirfeelingsinnoisymusicandpop
songs.Boyscopiedgirlsbywearinglonghairandbright-
colouredclothes.Someoftheboys,knownaspunks,wentso
farastowearbrassiere.Girls,inreturn,copiedboysbywear-
ingplainclothesandclose-fittingjeans.Mini-dressesbecamethe
fashionbecauseyoungpeoplewantedtobescantilyclad.They
askedfora"permissivesociety"inwhicheveryonewasallowed
toseekhishappinesssolongasherefrainedfromactipnsharm-
fultothepublic.Theirrebellionagainsttraditionalvalues
causedageneraldeclineofparentalauthorityandresultedinthe
so-called"generationgap".
Thenewvaluesadvocatedbyyoungpeoplealsofoundtheir
reflectioninfamilylife.Theaverageincomeforpersonalexpen-
ditureincreased,buttheaverageageforfirstmarriagewitnessed
aslowincrease.Thoughitislawfulforanyoneovertheageof
16togetmarried,yetfewmenbelowtheageof25andfew
womenbelow23wanttomarry.Aftercohabitationbecameram-
pant,thegovernmentlegalizedartificialabortiontoeasethe
pressureofillegitimatebirths.
Anotherthornyproblemwascausedbydomesticviolence
andthehighdivorcerate.Traditionally,Englishmenwere
breoghtuptobecempetitrve,powerfulandaggressive.But
manhood,ifabusedeasilyledtodomesticvoilence.Astudyby
Londonpolicein1992foundthatalmosttwomeninthreebe-
lievedtheywouldbeviolenttotheirwifeorpartnerincertainsit-
uations.ItwasreportedthatinLondon100000womenayear
receivedtreatmentforviolentinjuriessufferedinthehome.Lon-
donwomenhavelaunchedZeroTolerance--acampaigntopro-
tectwomenagainstdomesticviolencebyshoutingtheslogan"e-
noughisenough".Domesticviolenceisoneofthecontributing
factorsforthehighdivorcerate.Accordingtoofficialestimates,
morethanoneinthreemarriagesendedindivorceinBritainin

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Contents
VolumeOneGreatBritain
ChapterOnePanoramicView
SectionOneTheCountryandthePeople
SectionTwoTheBritishGovernment
SectionThreePoliticsandLaw
SectionFourNationalEconomyandCities
SectionFiveCulturalandSociolLife
chapterTwoEnglishHistory
SectionOneOriginoftheEnglishNation
SectionTwoGreatCharterandBeginningofParlia-
ment
SectionThreeDeclineofFeudalisminEngland
SectionFour
Bourgeoisie
SectionFive
SectionSix
TheTudorMonarchyandtheRising
ReformationinEngland
TheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution
SectionSevenTheIndustrialRevolutionandthe
ChartistMovement
SectionEightTheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire
VolumeTwoAmerica
ChapterOnePanoramicView
SectionOneTheUnitedStatesanditsNaturalCondi-
tions
SectionTwoAmericanPeople
SectionThreeGoverrimentandPolitics(1)
SectionFourGovernmentandPolitics(1)
SectionFiveNationalEconomy(1)
SectionSixNationalEconomy(1)
SectionSevenFamilyandSocialLife
ChapterTwoAmericanHistory
SectionOneTheThirteenEnglish-American
Colonies
SectionTwoTheWarofIndependence
SectionThreeAppearanceoftheAmericanConstitut-
ionandtheWashingtonAdministration
SectionFourAmericaDuringtheFirstHalfofthe
19thCentury-EraofExpansion
SectionFiveTheCivilWar
SectionSixAmericaAfterCivilWar-Development
andForeignAggression
SectionSevcnAmericaduringandafterWorldWar1
SectionEightAmericaduringandaftertheSecond
WorldWar
SupplementaryMaterialforReference
SectiononeAnOutlineIntroductiontoAmerican
Literature(1600-1985)
SupplementaryMaterialsPapersRadioandTelevision
SecrionTwoTheAncientMediterraneanWorldand
theOriginofEuropeanCivilization
SectionThreeAppearanceandDevelopmentofChristi-
anity
SectionFourTheU.S.PassportandImmigration
SectionFive
Investment:ABasicGlossary
KingsandQueensofEnglandandGreatBritain
FrimeMinistersofGr-eatBritain
PresidentsoftheU.S
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