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理想國

作者：柏拉圖
出版社：中國政法大學出版社出版時間：2020-08-01
開本： 32開 頁數(shù)： 382
本類榜單：哲學/宗教銷量榜
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理想國 版權(quán)信息

  • ISBN：9787562023449
  • 條形碼：9787562023449 ; 978-7-5620-2344-9
  • 裝幀：一般膠版紙
  • 冊數(shù)：暫無
  • 重量：暫無
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理想國 內(nèi)容簡介

《理想國》是西方政治思想傳統(tǒng)的擁有代表性的作品，涉及柏拉圖思想體系的各個方面，包括哲學、倫理、教育、文藝、政治等內(nèi)容，主要探討理想國家的問題。

理想國 目錄

Translator's preface
Editor's preface
Introduction
The Thirty
Faction
A Spartan utopia ?
The philosopher and the king
A political work ?
City and soul
Mathematics and melaphysics
A guide to further reading
Principal dates
Abbreviations and conventions
Editor's synopsis of The Republic
The Republic
Book 1
Book 2
Book 3
Book 4
Book 5
Book 6
Book 7
Book 8
Book g
Book 10
Clossary
Index
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理想國 節(jié)選

　　'In my opinion,'I replied, 'it is in the finest class, which is to be valued by anyone who wants to be happy, both for itself and for its conse-quences.'　　cThat's not what most people think,'he said. 'Most people would put it in the unpleasant class, which we should cultivate in return for payment and reputation, on account of public opinion, but which purely for itself is to be avoided like the plague.'　　'I know that's what they think,'I said. 'Thrasymachus criticised it -and praised injustice-on those grounds some while back. But I'm a slow learner, apparendy.'　　'Well,'he said, 'listen to me as well, and see if you agree with what I suggest. I think Thrasymachus too readily allowed himself to be bewitched by you, like a snake being charmed by a snake-charmer. As far as I'm concerned, the proof is not yet convincing, either for justice or injustice. I want to be told what each of them is, and what effect it has,just by itself, when it is present in the soul. I want to forget about the rewards and results it brings. So here's what I am going to do, if you have no objection. I'm going to revive Thrasymachus'argument. First I shall say what kind of thing people reckon justice is, and how they think it arises. Secondly I shall claim that all those who practise it do so as some-thing unavoidable, against their will, and not because they regard it as a good. Thirdly I shall say that this is a rational way for them to behave,since the unjust man, in their view, has a much better life than the just　　man. These are not my own opinions, Socrates. But I am dismayed by the unending sound in my ears of Thrasymachus and thousands like him,whereas I have never yet heard from anyone, in the form I would like to hear it, the argument for justice, the argument that it is something better than injustice. I want to hear it praised simply for itself, and I have high hopes that you,if anyone, can do this for me. So I am going to make the　　most powerful speech I can in defence of the unjust life, and in my speech　　I shall show you how I want to hear you, in your turn, criticising injustice and defending justice. There you are. See if you approve of my sugges-tion.'　　'I'd like nothing better,'I replied. 'What else would anyone with any sense prefer to make a habit of talking about or hearing about?'　　cThat's good,'he said. 'Now, listen to the first thing I said I was going to talk about-what sort of thing justice is, and how it arises. Doing　　wrong, men say, is by its nature a good-and being wronged an evil-but　　the evil of being wronged outweighs the good of doing wrong. As a result,when people wrong one another and are wronged by one another, and get　　a taste of both, those who are unable to avoid the one and achieve the other think it will pay them to come to an agreement with one another not to do wrong and not to be wronged. That's how they come to start making laws and agreements with one another, and calling lawful and just that which is laid down by the law.They say that this is the origin and essen-tial nature of justice, that it is a compromise between the best case, which　　is doing wrong and getting away with it, and the worst case, which is being wronged and being unable to retaliate. Justice, being half-way between these two extremes, is not prized as a good; it finds its value merely in people's want of power to do wrong. The person who does have the power to do wrong-the true man-would never make an agreement with anyone not to do wrong and not to be wronged. It would be lunatic for him to do that. That, more or less,is the nature of justice, Socrates. That is what it is like, and those are the kinds of causes which gave rise to it,according to this theory.　　……

理想國 作者簡介

柏拉圖（約公元前427-前347年），原名Πλτων，英譯為Plato。西方哲學乃至西方文化史上最偉大的哲學家和思想家之一。出生于古希臘雅典貴族家族，自幼受到良好教育，后師從蘇格拉底。他所開創(chuàng)的“柏拉圖主義”、“柏拉圖式愛情”、經(jīng)濟學圖表對后世影響深遠。在他的著作中，蘇格拉底的死亡被稱為“西方文學史上最偉大的死亡”，僅次于基督之死。除《蘇格拉底之死》（也有譯為《蘇格拉底的申辯》）外，還有《對話錄》、《理想國》等著作。

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