�и���ԇ�ٷ�ָ��

1 About the TOEFL iBT ? Test 1 Getting Started ..........................................................................................................1 How to Use This Book ............................................................. ............ .....................2 All About the TOEFL iBT? Test ..............................................................................4 Reading Section ........................................................................................................ 7 Listening Section .................................................................................................... 12 Speaking Section ..................................................................................................... 17 Writing Section ....................................................................................................... 19 About Test Scores .................................................................................................... 21 General Skill-Building Tips .................................................................................... 25 Test Preparation Tips from ETS ............................................................................. 33 Questions Frequently Asked by Test Takers .......................................................... 34 2 Reading Section 37 Reading Passages ................................................................................................... 37 Reading Questions ................................................................................................. 38 Basic Information and Inferencing Questions ...................................................... 38 Reading to Learn Questions ................................................................................ ..50 Strategies for Preparing for the Reading Section ................................................. ..58 Reading Practice Sets ............................................................................................. 60 Practice Set 1 ........................................................................................................ 60 Practice Set 2 ........................................................................................................ 69 Practice Set 3 ........................................................................................................ 78 Practice Set 4 ........................................................................................................ 88 Practice Set 5 ........................................................................................................ 98 Practice Set 6 ...................................................................................................... 107 3 Listening Section 117 Listening Materials .............................................................................................. 117 Listening Questions ............................................................................................. 119 Basic Comprehension Questions ....................................................................... ..120 Pragmatic Understanding Questions ................................................................. .. 126 Connecting Information Questions .................................................................... .. 129 Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Listening Section ......................... ...135 Listening Practice Sets ......................................................................................... 137 Practice Set 1 ...................................................................................................... 137 Practice Set 2 ...................................................................................................... 142 Practice Set 3 ...................................................................................................... 147 Practice Set 4 ...................................................................................................... 152 Practice Set 5 ...................................................................................................... 158 4 Speaking Section 163 The Speaking Section .......................................................................................... 163 Speaking Questions .............................................................................................. 165 The Independent Task .................................................. .......................................... 165 The Integrated Tasks............................... .................... ..........................................167 Speaking Scoring Rubrics .................................................................................... 180 Independent Task: Question 1 .........................................................................180 Integrated Tasks: Question 2, 3 and 4.........................................................................182 Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Speaking Section ......................... ... 184 Frequently Asked Questions About the TOEFL? Speaking Section .................. 185 5 Writing Section 187 The Writing Section ............................................................................................. 187 The Integrated Writing Task ................................................................................ 188 How the Task Is Phrased .................................................................................... 190 Strategies for Taking the Integrated Writing Task .............................................. 191 Integrated Writing Scoring Rubric ...................................................................... 193 Sample Scored Responses for the Integrated Writing Task ............................... 195 The Independent Writing Task ............................................................................ 199 How Essays Are Scored ..................................................................................... 200 Independent Writing Scoring Rubric .................................................................. 203 Sample Scored Responses for the Independent Writing Task ........................... ..205 Independent Writing Topics ................................................................................ 210 Topic List ........................................................................................................... ..210 6 Authentic TOEFL iBT ? Practice Test 1 215 Reading .................................................................................................................. 217 Listening ................................................................................................................ 237 Speaking ................................................................................................................ 249 Writing ................................................................................................................... 255 Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... ...261 7 Authentic TOEFL iBT ? Practice Test 2 313 Reading .................................................................................................................. 315 Listening ................................................................................................................ 335 Speaking ................................................................................................................ 347 Writing ................................................................................................................... 353 Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... ... 359 8 Authentic TOEFL iBT ? Practice Test 3 409 Reading .................................................................................................................. 409 Listening ................................................................................................................ 411 Speaking ................................................................................................................ 431 Writing ................................................................................................................... 445 Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... ... 457 9 Authentic TOEFL iBT ? Practice Test 4 509 Reading .................................................................................................................. 511 Listening ................................................................................................................ 531 Speaking ................................................................................................................ 545 Writing ................................................................................................................... 551 Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... .. 557 10 Writer's Handbook for English Language Learners 613 Grammar ............................................................................................................... 613 Usage ..................................................................................................................... 626 Mechanics .............................................................................................................. 633 Style ....................................................................................................................... 643 Organization and Development ........................................................................... ...648 Advice to Writers ...................................................................................................661 Revising, Editing, and Proofreading .................................................................... .. 667 Glossary ................................................................................................................. 670 Appendix: Performance Feedback for Test Takers........................................ ...675