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新時(shí)代·職場(chǎng)新技能學(xué)會(huì)提問(第11版)(英文版) 版權(quán)信息
- ISBN:9787302533030
- 條形碼:9787302533030 ; 978-7-302-53303-0
- 裝幀:一般膠版紙
- 冊(cè)數(shù):暫無
- 重量:暫無
- 所屬分類:>>
新時(shí)代·職場(chǎng)新技能學(xué)會(huì)提問(第11版)(英文版) 本書特色
“我知道做個(gè)慎思明辨的人挺好的,會(huì)問很多恰到好處的問題也挺不錯(cuò),可我就是不知道該問哪些問題,也不知道怎么個(gè)問法!焙芏嗳瞬恢涝鯓忧袑(shí)有效地提出一些批判性問題,希望我們能提供較為詳盡的指導(dǎo),鑒于此,我們專門撰寫了這本書,以滿足大家的需求,目前這已是本書的第11 版了。只有學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立思考和判斷,也只有經(jīng)過批判性問題的層層考驗(yàn)后形成的決定和信念,才讓我們覺得更加理直氣壯。任何東西想要進(jìn)入我們的頭腦,首先就得接受我們信奉的一些特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的檢驗(yàn),我們?yōu)榇吮陡凶院馈?本書*為顯著的特色之一就是它的適用范圍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了你的想象,延伸到形形色色的生活實(shí)踐之中。與批判性思維聯(lián)系在一起的種種習(xí)慣和態(tài)度,可以被靈活運(yùn)用到消費(fèi)、醫(yī)療、法律及一般倫理和個(gè)人的抉擇當(dāng)中。此外,堅(jiān)持用這些批判性思維提問也可以鞏固我們不斷增長的知識(shí),幫助我們更快地發(fā)現(xiàn)世界運(yùn)行的規(guī)律,更好地理解這個(gè)世界,以及怎樣做才能讓世界變得更美好。
新時(shí)代·職場(chǎng)新技能學(xué)會(huì)提問(第11版)(英文版) 內(nèi)容簡介
本書具有簡明扼要、清楚易懂以及篇幅短小的特色。這本小書出色地完成了它的既定目標(biāo)——傳授批判性思考和提問的技能。40多年向?qū)W生傳授批判性思維技能的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也讓我們確信,盡管學(xué)生們能力有差異、術(shù)業(yè)有專攻,只要我們用簡單易懂的方法向他們傳授批判性思維的技能,他們很快就能成功地將其應(yīng)用于各種實(shí)踐。在學(xué)以致用的過程中,他們的信心逐步增強(qiáng),在重大社會(huì)問題和個(gè)人問題方面,他們做出理性抉擇的能力也與日俱增,哪怕面對(duì)從前極少經(jīng)歷過的重大問題,他們也一樣可以應(yīng)對(duì)自如。 雖然本書主要是從我們的課堂教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中總結(jié)出來的,但它的目標(biāo)在于指導(dǎo)絕大多數(shù)人培養(yǎng)更佳的閱讀和傾聽習(xí)慣。對(duì)于它旨在培養(yǎng)的種種技能,任何一個(gè)不盲從、盲信的讀者都需要將之拿來用作理性判斷的基礎(chǔ)。本書所反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的批判性問題可以提高我們的論證能力,不管我們受過的正規(guī)教育有多少。你在書里的收獲,相信會(huì)大大出乎你的意料。
新時(shí)代·職場(chǎng)新技能學(xué)會(huì)提問(第11版)(英文版) 目錄
CHAPTER
1
The Benefit and Manner of Asking the
Right Questions 1
The Noisy, Confused World We Live in 1
Experts Cannot Rescue Us, Despite What They
Say 4
The Necessity of Relying on Our Mind 5
Critical Thinking to the Rescue 6
The Sponge and Panning for Gold: Alternative
Thinking Styles 8
Weak-Sense and Strong-Sense Critical Thinking 10
The Importance of Practice 12
Critical Thinking and Other People 12
Values and Other People 12
Primary Values of a Critical Thinker 14
Keeping the Conversation Going 16
Creating a Friendly Environment for
Communication 19
CHAPTER
2
Speed Bumps Interfering with Your Critical
Thinking 20
The Discomfort of Asking the Right Questions 21
Thinking Too Quickly 21
Stereotypes 22
Mental Habits That Betray Us 23
Halo Effect 24
Belief Perseverance 24
Availability Heuristic 26
Answering the Wrong Question 27
Egocentrism 28
Wishful Thinking: Perhaps the Biggest Single Speed
Bump on the Road to Critical Thinking 29
CHAPTER 3 What Are the Issue and the Conclusion? 33
Kinds of Issues 34
Searching for the Issue 36
Searching for the Author’s or Speaker’s
Conclusion 37
Using This Critical Question 39
Clues to Discovery: How to Find the Conclusion 39
Critical Thinking and Your Own Writing and
Speaking 40
Narrowing Your Issue Prior to Writing 41
Cluing Your Reader into Your Conclusion 42
Practice Exercises 42
Sample Responses 44
CHAPTER 4 What Are the Reasons? 47
Initiating the Questioning Process 50
Words That Identify Reasons 52
Kinds of Reasons 52
Keeping the Reasons and Conclusions Straight 53
Using This Critical Question 54
Reasons First, Then Conclusions 54
Critical Thinking and Your Own Writing and
Speaking 55
Exploring Possible Reasons before Reaching
a
Conclusion 55
Identify Major Publications That Cover Your
Issue 56
Helping Your Readers Identify Your Reasons 57
Practice Exercises 57
Sample Responses 59
What Words or Phrases Are
Ambiguous? 62
The Confusing Flexibility of Words 63
Locating Key Terms and Phrases 64
Checking for Ambiguity 67
Using This Critical Question 67
Determining Ambiguity 68
Context and Ambiguity 70
Using This Critical Question 72
Ambiguity, Definitions, and the Dictionary 72
Ambiguity and Loaded Language 75
Limits of Your Responsibility to Clarify Ambiguity 76
Ambiguity and Your Own Writing and Speaking 77
CHAPTER
5
Keeping Your Eye Out for Ambiguity 77
Practice Exercises 79
Sample Responses 80
CHAPTER
6
What Are the Value and Descriptive
Assumptions? 84
General Guide for Identifying Assumptions 87
Value Conflicts and Assumptions 88
From Values to Value Assumptions 89
Typical Value Conflicts 91
The Communicator’s Background as a Clue to Value
Assumptions 92
Consequences as Clues to Value Assumptions 92
More Hints for Finding Value Assumptions 94
The Value of Knowing the Value Priorities of
Others 95
Using This Critical Question 96
Values and Relativism 96
Identifying and Evaluating Descriptive
Assumptions 97
Illustrating Descriptive Assumptions 97
Common Descriptive Assumptions 100
Clues for Locating Assumptions 101
Avoiding Analysis of Trivial Assumptions 103
Assumptions and Your Own Writing and
Speaking 104
Practice Exercises 106
Sample Responses 108
CHAPTER
7
CHAPTER
8
Are There Any Fallacies in the
Reasoning? 110
A Questioning Approach to Finding Reasoning
Fallacies 112
Evaluating Assumptions as a Starting Point 114
Discovering Other Common Reasoning
Fallacies 116
Looking for Diversions 123
Sleight of Hand: Begging the Question 126
Using This Critical Question 127
Summary of Reasoning Errors 127
Expanding Your Knowledge of Fallacies 128
Practice Exercises 128
Sample Responses 130
How Good Is the Evidence: Intuition, Personal
Experience, Case Examples, Testimonials,
and Appeals to Authority? 133
The Need for Evidence 134
Locating Factual Claims 136
Sources of Evidence 137
Intuition as Evidence 139
Personal Experience as Evidence 140
Case Examples as Evidence 141
Testimonials as Evidence 143
Appeals to Authority as Evidence 145
Using This Critical Question 149
Your Academic Writing and Evidence 149
Practice Exercises 150
Sample Responses 152
CHAPTER
9
How Good Is the Evidence: Personal
Observation, Research Studies, and
Analogies? 153
Personal Observation as Evidence 153
Research Studies as Evidence 154
General Problems with Research Findings 156
Generalizing from the Research Sample 162
Generalizing from the Research Measures 164
Biased Surveys and Questionnaires 166
Analogies as Evidence 169
Identifying and Comprehending Analogies 170
Evaluating Analogies 171
When You Can Most Trust Expert Opinion 174
Research and the Internet 176
Practice Exercises 178
Sample Responses 179
CHAPTER 10
Are There Rival Causes? 181
When to Look for Rival Causes 182
The Pervasiveness of Rival Causes 183
Detecting Rival Causes 185
The Cause or a Cause 185
Multiple Perspectives as a Guide to Rival
Causes 187
Rival Causes for Differences Between Groups 188
Confusing Causation with Association 190
Confusing “After This” with “Because of This” 192
Explaining Individual Events or Acts 193
Evaluating Rival Causes 194
Rival Causes and Your Own Communication 195
Exploring Potential Causes 196
Practice Exercises 197
Sample Responses 199
CHAPTER 11 Are the Statistics Deceptive? 201
Unknowable and Biased Statistics 203
Confusing Averages 204
Concluding One Thing, Proving Another 207
Deceiving by Omitting Information 208
Using Statistics in Your Writing 210
Practice Exercises 211
Sample Responses 212
CHAPTER 12
What Significant Information Is Omitted?
215
The Benefits of Detecting Omitted Information 216
The Certainty of Incomplete Reasoning 217
Questions That Identify Omitted Information 219
But We Need to Know the Numbers 220
The Importance of the Negative View 223
Omitted Information That Remains Missing 225
Using This Critical Question 225
Practice Exercises 225
Sample Responses 227
CHAPTER 13
What Reasonable Conclusions Are
Possible? 229
Dichotomous Thinking: Impediment to Considering
Multiple Conclusions 230
Two Sides or Many? 232
Productivity of If-Clauses 233
The Liberating Effect of Recognizing Alternative
Conclusions 234
Summary 235
Practice Exercises 236
Sample Responses 237
Final Word 238
Index 240
新時(shí)代·職場(chǎng)新技能學(xué)會(huì)提問(第11版)(英文版) 作者簡介
M.尼爾??布朗 博林格林州立大學(xué)(Bowling Green State University)的杰出經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授。獲有托雷多大學(xué)法學(xué)博士學(xué)位和得克薩斯大學(xué)的博士學(xué)位。曾經(jīng)合著7本書,并在專業(yè)期刊發(fā)表100余篇研究論文。曾被威斯康星大學(xué)、印第安納大學(xué)、科羅拉多大學(xué)等幾十所大學(xué)聘請(qǐng),協(xié)助其培養(yǎng)教職員工的批判性思維技巧。他是《韓國批判性思維》期刊的編委會(huì)成員,還是“國際批判性思維大會(huì)”的主要發(fā)言人。2001年獲博林格林州立大學(xué)“終生成就獎(jiǎng)”,2002年獲博林格林州立大學(xué)“杰出教學(xué)能力獎(jiǎng)”,以及美國教育促進(jìn)與支持委員會(huì)的“全國年度杰出教授”銀牌獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆ⅰ岸砗ザ碇菽甓冉艹鼋淌凇钡仍S多全國性和地方性的榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)。近期為美國國家安全部、IBM公司、樂高公司、新加坡K2B國際公司、美國商學(xué)院聯(lián)盟、美國空軍研究院等眾多機(jī)構(gòu)及公司提供批判性思維的訓(xùn)練及咨詢服務(wù)。 斯圖爾特??M.基利 美國伊利諾伊大學(xué)心理學(xué)博士。現(xiàn)為美國博林格林州立大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授。
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